Trace Minerals and Vaccination

Trace minerals have long been reported to be important for optimal immune function in livestock¹.Trace minerals are essential for livestock to mount an immune response to a vaccine and thus derive protection.

Oxidative Stress : Its Effect on Cattle and the Role of Trace Minerals

Reactive Oxygen Species or Free Radicals are constantly formed during normal aerobic cellular metabolism. Free radicals are unstable and highly reactive oxidants that can remove an electron from another compound leaving it oxidised.

Oxidative Stress : Its Impact on Transition Cows

The trace mineral levels in cattle are not static; they change throughout the production cycle depending on the demands on the animal.